Amy L. Chua (; , born 1962 in Champaign, Illinois) is the John M. Duff, Jr. Professor of Law at Yale Law School. She joined the Yale faculty in 2001 after teaching at Duke Law School. Prior to starting her teaching career, she was a corporate law associate at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton. She specializes in the study of international business transactions, law and development, ethnic conflict, and globalization and the law.

Chua has also written two books, How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance - and Why They Fall (2007) - which examines seven major empires and posits that their success depended on their tolerance of minorities - and the New York Times bestseller, How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability (2003), which explores the ethnic conflict caused in many societies by disproportionate economic and political influence of "market dominant minorities" and the resulting resentment in the less affluent majority. World on Fire examines how globalization and democratization since 1989 have affected the relationship between market dominant minorities and the wider population.

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