The economic causes of modern war Author:John Edwin Bakeless Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER II THE ECONOMIC MOTIVES OF COLONIAL RIVALRY Ever since states began, they have founded colonies, although the objects and methods of the colonizati... more »on have radically differed, as has the status of the colonies in relation to the parent nations. Ancient Greek colonization, for example, was a very different process in every respect from the colonization of our own day, for the Greeks—to whom the state was necessarily a city—regarded it as being naturally a small organization, and drew the obvious inference that the surplus population was to be accommodated only by the founding of a new state. Hence the classic colony consisted of a body of emigrants from the parent state, who withdrew from it and went elsewhere to set up a new TrAXis which should carry on the traditions, customs, ideals, habits of life of the old state, but without any political connection. Thus were founded all the colonies which dotted the shores of the Egean; and thus it was that Carthage grew from Phoenicia. This was the earliest and most natural method of colonization, but it was not the only one; nor was it—especially as means of communication gradually improved—the only natural one, for to the bonds of blood, customs, and religion could well be added that of political connection. A prototype of the classic colonizing tradition is the city of Miletus, with her daughter cities nourishing all about her; and of the modern tradition, the British Empire, which has grown gradually but surely through the centuries by the most successful application that the world has yet seen, of the more modern method. A change, then, has come over the methods of founding and administering colonies, and it is a change which has grown directly out of the increasing complexity of modern civilization. Not only has th...« less