He was the editor of Planet Stories from Summer 1950 to July 1951, and editor of Two Complete Science Adventure Novels from Winter 1950 to July 1951.

Probably his best-known television works include two The Original Series episodes: 1967's "Mirror, Mirror", which introduced the series' concept of the "Mirror Universe"; and 1969's "Requiem for Methuselah", about "Flint", a 6,000-year-old man. But his short story "It's a Good Life" (1953), adapted as a teleplay for The Twilight Zone by Rod Serling, is arguably his most generally known work to reach the small screen. It was popular enough to be revisited in the 1983 Twilight Zone film, and famous enough to be parodied in the Simpsons Halloween 1991 episode "Treehouse of Horror II". His 1968 Star Trek episode "Day of the Dove" is also much respected by fans of science fiction. Bixby also conceived and co-wrote the story for the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage,Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it.

Jerome Bixby's last work, a screenplay The Man From Earth, was conceived in the early 1960s and completed on his deathbed in April 1998. In 2007, Jerome Bixby's The Man From Earth (as it is now called) was turned into an independent motion picture executively produced by his son Emerson Bixby, directed by Richard Schenkman and starring David Lee Smith, William Katt, Richard Riehle, Tony Todd, Annika Peterson, Alexis Thorpe, Ellen Crawford and John Billingsley.

Bixby wrote the original screenplay for 1958's It! The Terror from Beyond Space, which was the inspiration for 1979's Alien. The Deep Space Nine seventh season (1999) Mirror Universe episode, "The Emperor's New Cloak", is dedicated to Bixby's memory.

Collections

• Devil's Scrapbook (1964; also as Call for an Exorcist 1974)
• Space by the Tale (1964)
• Day of the Dove (1978) - novelization of his ST:TOS episode
• The Man from Earth (1998)

Short stories

• "Tubemonkey" (1949)
• "And All for One" (1950)
• "The Crowded Colony" (1950) [as by Jay B. Drexel]
• "Cargo to Callisto" (1950) [as by Jay B. Drexel]
• "The Whip" (1951) [as by Jerome D. Bixby]
• "Vengeance on Mars" (1951) [as by D. B. Lewis]
• "Page and Player" (1952) [as by Harry Neal]
• "Ev" (1952) with Raymond Z. Gallun
• "Nightride and Sunrise" (1952) with James Blish [as by Jerome Bixby]
• "The Second Ship" (1952)
• "Sort of Like a Flower" (1952)
• "Angels in the Jets" (1952)
• "Zen" (1952)
• "It's a Good Life" (1953)
• "The Slizzers" (1953)
• "Share Alike" (1953) with Joe E. Dean
• "Can Such Beauty Be?" (1953)
• "The Monsters" (1953)
• "Underestimation" (1953) with Algis Budrys [as by Alger Rome]
• "Where There's Hope" (1953)
• "One Way Street" (1953)
• "Little Boy" (1954) [as by Harry Neal]
• "The Holes Around Mars" (1954)
• "The Good Dog" (1954)
• "Halfway to Hell" (1954)
• "The Draw" (1954)
• "The Young One" (1954)
• "Small War" (1954)
• "Mirror, Mirror" (1954)
• "For Little George" (1954) [as by J. B. Drexel]
• "The Battle of the Bells" (1954)
• "The Murder-Con" (1954)
• "Our Town" (1955)
• "Laboratory" (1955)
• "Trace" (1961)
• "The Magic Typewriter" (1963)
• "The Bad Life" (1963)
• "The God-Plllnk" (1963)
• "The Best Lover in Hell" (1964)
• "Lust in Stone" (1964)
• "Sin Wager" (1964)
• "Kiss of Blood" (1964)
• "The Marquis' Magic Potion" (1964)
• "Natural History of the Kley" (1964)
• "The Magic Potion" (1976)

Star Trek episodes

• "Requiem for Methuselah" (1969) (writer)
• "Day of the Dove" (1968) (writer)
• "By Any Other Name" (1968) (story, teleplay)
• "Mirror, Mirror" (1967) (writer)

Twilight Zone stories

• "It's a Good Life" (1961) (short story)
• Third segment ("It's a Good Life"), The Movie (1983) (story)

Films

• "The Man From Earth" (2007) (writer)