Leon Rosselson was born and brought up in North London, lived in Tufnell Park and attended school in Highgate Road, adjacent to Parliament Hill Fields. His Jewish parents came to England as refugees from Tsarist Russia.

He joined the London Youth Choir, formed by John Hasted and Eric Winter, which went to a number of World Youth Festivals in the 1950s. At the end of that decade, two Scotsmen, Robin Hall (1936–1998) and Jimmie MacGregor (b. 1930), came to London and performed in folk clubs and then on prime time television. They teamed up with Shirley Bland (Jimmie's wife) and Leon Rosselson to form a quartet called The Galliards. Rosselson played 5 string banjo and guitar and did most of the arrangements. Their repertoire consisted of folk songs from the British Isles and from around the world. They were regulars on BBC radio programmes and made an EP and two LPs for Decca ('Scottish Choice' and 'A-Roving') and one LP for the American label, Monitor. They also made a single for Topic of the Dave Arkin/Earl Robinson song 'The Ink Is Black'. The group broke up in 1963 though Robin Hall and Jimmie MacGregor continued to perform as a duo into the 1970s. In 1964 Rosselson joined Marian Mackenzie, Ralph Trainer and Martin Carthy (later replaced by Roy Bailey) in a group called The Three City Four. They concentrated on contemporary songs, including some of Rosselson's own, and made two LPs for Decca and for CBS.

Britain's satire boom began on 24 November 1962 with the debut of a late-night Saturday television series called 'That Was The Week That Was', hosted by David Frost. It had a huge cast of writers and featured some of Rosselson's early satirical songs. The Profumo scandal had just broken and establishment figures were fair game. The program ran until 1963.

In the 1960s, Rosselson travelled widely in Britain, appearing in folk clubs and concert venues, singing his own songs, some satirical, others showing the influence of French realist song. It was a period of prolific song-writing, and some of the best songs from this period appeared on the album 'Songs for Sceptical Circles' and on 'A Laugh, a Song and a Hand Grenade', which was a live recording of Rosselson's songs interspersed with the poems of Adrian Mitchell.

His song 'Tim McGuire' (who loved to play with fire), written during this period, became very popular and was the subject of a complaint from the Chairman of Staffordshire Fire Brigades when it was played a number of times on BBC radio. The BBC, however, refused to ban the song, despite the protests, because (they said) the pyromaniac does get caught in the end. An earlier recording, though, the Topic EP 'Songs for City Squares', was banned (or rather labelled 'for restricted listening only') by the BBC.

His experience of the folk club circuit is captured light-heartedly in the 1966 song 'A View from the One-Night Stands', about which Rosselson said: 'I enjoy singing in folk clubs (most of them). The audiences are alive (most of them) which is more than can be said of the towns. But somebody really ought to launch a campaign to improve pub lavatories.'

'Hugga Mugga' was released on the Leader label in 1971. Roy Bailey and Rosselson recorded 'That's Not The Way It's Got To Be' in 1975, including one of Rosselson's best-known songs 'The World Turned Upside Down'. Two other collaborations followed, 'Love, Loneliness and Laundry' (1977) and 'If I Knew Who the Enemy Was' (1979). Rosselson also scripted two shows for performance with Roy Bailey and Frankie Armstrong: the anti-nuclear 'No Cause for Alarm' and 'Love Loneliness and Laundry', about personal politics. Rosselson and Bailey performed two other shows during the 1980s, one about Tom Paine, the other about the Spanish Civil War.

Billy Bragg took "The World Turned Upside Down" into the charts in 1985.

The original Big Red Songbook, a collection of socialist songs, came out in 1977, compiled by Mal Collins, David Harker and Geoff White. Leon Rosselson produced a new collection The New Big Red Songbook in 2003.

In 1987 three Law Lords declared that Peter Wright's book 'Spycatcher' could not be published in Britain nor could any of it be quoted in the media. Taking his defiance to the limit, Rosselson set out to break the law. He spent two days reading it, then encapsulated it and quoted from it in a specially written song, Ballad of a Spycatcher which was published in the British weekly New Statesman. A single of it, with backing from Billy Bragg and the Oyster Band, was released and started to get radio play, including by Simon Bates on the BBC pop music channel Radio 1. He appeared to expect a police raid or court order. In the event, nothing happened. In Rosselson's words: "So much for subversive intentions..." It even reached number 7 in the NME indie singles charts.

Frequent collaborators on his later albums included Martin Carthy, Robb Johnson, Liz Mansfield and Fiz Shapur. The box set Carthy Chronicles included 4 songs by Rosselson, including Palaces of Gold which originally appeared on Carthy's Crown of Horn (1976).

Rosselson has also performed two shows with socialist magician Ian Saville: A Dinosaur in My Shoe, for children, and Look at it This Way, for adults (the Independent on Sunday reviewer who attended the premiere at the Edinburgh Festival described this as "an evening of gently dialectical delights offered by two lovely gentlemen with the worst haircuts in Scotland").

Rosselson has toured North America, appearing frequently at the Vancouver Folk Festival, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Australia.

He has written songs for a stage production at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield, of They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

Rosselson has published 17 children's books. His first book, Rosa's Singing Grandfather, published by Puffin, was shortlisted in 1991 for the Carnegie Medal. A cassette version of the book was also published.

In his most recent novel, Home is a Place Called Nowhere (OUP), Rosselson writes with feeling about the experience of being a refugee. His story The Greatest Drummer in the World was adapted for the stage by Elizabeth Mansfield, premiered at the Drill Hall, London in 2002 and subsequently toured the country.

Dominic Behan, Peggy Seeger, Leon Rosselson and Ralph Rinzler: Down by the Liffeyside - Irish Street Ballads

The Galliards

• The Galliards (EP) (1960)
• Scottish Choice (1961)
• A-Rovin' (1961)
• Galliards (1962)

The Three City Four

• The Three City Four (1965)
• Smoke and Dust (1967)
• Smoke and Dust (CD) (Compilation of tracks from above two albums, released 2010)

Solo recordings

• Songs for City Squares (EP) (1962)
• Songs for Sceptical Circles (1967)
• A Laugh, a Song and a Hand Grenade (with Adrian Mitchell) (1968)
• Word Is Hugga Mugga Chugga Lugga Hum Bugga Boom Chit (1971)
• Palaces of Gold (1975) FUSE CF 249
• That's Not the Way It's got to Be (with Roy Bailey) (1975) FUSE CF 251
• Love Loneliness and Laundry (with Roy Bailey) (1977) FUSE CF 271
• If I Knew Who the Enemy Was (with Roy Bailey (1979) FUSE CF 284
• For the Good of the Nation (Live, 1981) FUSE CF 381
• Nuclear Power No Thanks (with numerous others) (1981)
• Temporary Loss of Vision (1983) FUSE CF 384
• Bringing the News from Nowhere (1986) FUSE CF 390
• I Didn't Mean It (1988)
• Wo Sind Die Elefanten? (Where Are The Elephants?)(1991)
• Questions (children's cassette) (1994)
• Intruders (1995)
• Harry's Gone Fishing (1999)
• The Last Chance (EP: 4 song CD) (2002)
• A Proper State (2008)

Compilation albums

• Rosselsongs (1990)
• Guess What They're Selling at the Happiness Counter (1992)
• Perspectives (1997)
• Turning Silence into Song (2004)
• The Last Chance (2010)

For children

• Songs and Stories for Children (2006)
• Five Little Frogs (with Sandra Kerr, Nancy Kerr and Kevin Graal)
• Five Little Owls (with Sandra Kerr, Nancy Kerr and Kevin Graal)

Others

• And They All Sang Rosselsongs (sung by 15 other performers) (2005)

Some children's books

• Rosa's Singing Grandfather, Puffin (1991). ISBN 0-14-034587-6
• Rosa's Grandfather Sings Again, Viking Children's Books (1991). ISBN 0-670-83599-4
• Where's My Mum?, Walker Books (1994). ISBN 0-7445-4377-0
• I Thought I Heard a Goldfish Singing, Longman (1994). ISBN 0-582-12960-5
• Emma's Talking Rabbit, Collins (1996). ISBN 0-00-675206-3
• Pumpkin's Downfall, Collins (2000). ISBN 0-00-675472-4
• Home is a Place Called Nowhere, OUP (2002). ISBN 0-19-272586-6

Songbooks

• Look Here (1968)
• That's Not The Way It's Got To Be (1974)
• For the Good of the Nation (1981)
• Bringing the News from Nowhere (125 selected songs) (1993)
• Turning Silence into Song (2003)