Relativity Author:J. Rice RELATIVITY A SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT OF EINSTEINS THEORY bY J. RJ C.. E, M. A. SENIOR LECTURER IN PHYSICS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL. LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON, E. G. 4 NEW YORK, TORONTO BOMBAY, CALCUTTA AND MADRAS 1923 PREFACE. WITHIN the past twenty years a revolution has taken place in the mental attitude which the p... more »hysicist main tains towards the concepts which have been invented in the past in order to reach those broad generalisations which are the proud possession of his science. The demand on the part of the layman to know just what this revolution portends has been satisfied, as far as may be, by a liberal supply of popular works on Relativity. But the science undergraduate taking his normal courses in the University classroom, or reading his text-books of Physics and Mathematics, is anxious to ascertain in a more precise manner what changes this new idea is producing in the principles and content of physical science. It is primarily for him that this book has been written. Unfortunately it is only too easy to acquire the notion that the new knowledge is dealing out death and destruction to the principles won so laboriously since the time of Galileo and Newton. To correct such a disastrous misapprehension it is highly desirable that the mind should be gradually adapted to the new idea as the usual University courses are pursued, and not be compelled suddenly to readjust its point of view after the work involved in obtaining a degree has been completed. In short, Relativity must not remain something whose full significance can only be grasped by a small band of highly-trained specialists, but must be regarded as a selective principle with which the young student should make as early an acquaintance as possible. Since the undergraduate has been familiarised in vi PREFACE his school and first year courses with the elements of dynamical science, this book begins, after a general Introduction, with a discussion of the modifications in Kinematics and Dynamics required by the acceptance of the Relativity standpoint. Historically, of course, the new theory grew out of the theory of the electro magnetic field but as the treatment of the field by means of Maxwells equations is a branch of physical science which comes comparatively late in the usual courses, the relativity of the field equations is discussed after consideration of the equations of Dynamics. In these earlier chapters, the mathematical method used is familiar and well within the students powers. In Chapter V. a systematic development of the Tensor Analysis, which has proved to be the suitable mathematical medium for the application of the Rela tivity test, is initiated, and the remaining chapters of Part I. deal with the discovery by its aid of those forms for the differential equations of dynamical and electromagnetic theory which are compatible with the restrictions imposed on the transformations of co ordinates in Einsteins first statement of the Relativity principle in 1905. The abandonment of these re strictions, leading to the introduction of the principle of Equivalence and Einsteins law of gravitation, and the requisite generalisation of the mathematical method are treated in Part II. Some care has been taken to indicate precisely the points of similarity between the Tensor Analysis used in Part I. and the Tensor Analysis for transformations with variable coefficients employed in Part II. Chapters X. and XI. are to some extent parallel treatments of the matters discussed in Chapters VI. and VII. with the restrictions of the earlier state ment of the Principle removed. Chapter XII...« less