• Ph.D. (2004) Tibetan Studies. School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS), University of London, Thesis: The Emergence of Modern Tibetan Literature Since 1950
• M.Phil. (2000) Tibetan Studies. SOAS, University of London. Thesis: Dondrup Gyal and the Search for Tibetan Modernism: A Study of Dondrup Gyal’s Literary Works
• B.A. Hons, (1981) Social Anthropology & South Asian History, SOAS, University of London

Books

Articles

• (2002) Blood in the Snows — Reply to Wang Lixiong in New Left Review, No. 15, May/June 2002 pp: 39-60. [1]

• (2001) Language, Literature and Representation in Tibet in Batt, Herbert J. (ed.) Tales of Tibet: Sky Burials, Prayer Wheels, and Wind Horses. London: Rowman & Littlefield.

• (2001) Who Are the Prisoners? Tibetan Buddhism and the West in Journal of the American Academy of Religion (JAAR), Vol 69. No. 1. pp: 183-189.

• (2000) Solving the Tibetan Problem, in Time Magazine (Asian Edition), July 17, 2000.

• (2000) The Waterfall and Fragrant Flowers, Development of Modern Tibetan Literature. in Mãnoa, A Pacific Journal of International Writings, University of Hawaii, Vol. 12, No. 2. pp: 28-40.

• (1997) "Historical Introduction" in Barnett R. & Conner V. (eds) Leaders in Tibet: A Directory, London: Tibet Information Network.

• (1996) The Man Who Wasn't Allowed to Tell the Truth: The 7th Panchen Lama in Dharamsala H.P.: Lungta, Winter 1996. pp: 24-30.

• (1996) The Panchen Lama Controversy in Tibetan Review, Vol. XXX, No. 8. pp:7-12.

• (1994) The Development of Modern Tibetan Studies and Politicization & the Tibetan Language in Barnett R. & Akiner S. (eds.) Resistance and Reform in Tibet. London: Hurst & Co.

• (1994) The Genesis of the 17-Point Agreement: The Genesis of the Sino-Tibetan Agreement of 1951in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Tibetan Studies — Fegernes, Norway, Institute of Comparative Research in Human Culture, Oslo. pp:739-754.

• (1994) with Crook, J. Monastic Economics in Zanskar in Crook J. & Osmaston H. (eds.) Buddhist Himalayan Village, University of Bristol.

• (1994) Monastic Communities in Zanskar 1980: Location, Function and Organisation in Crook J. & Osmaston H. (eds.) Buddhist Himalayan Village, University of Bristol.

• (1993) Whither the Tsampa Eaters? in Himal, Vol. 6, No. 5, 1993. pp: 8-12.

• (1991) Tibet and the Occident: The Myth of Shangri-la in Lungta, 1991. pp: 20-25.

• (1990) 1948 Trade Mission to United Kingdom - An Essay in Honour of Tsipon Shakabpa. in Tibet Journal, Vol. XV, No. 4, 1990. pp: 97-114.

• (1990) Street Voices: Songs of Lhasa in Tibet News, No. 3, June 1990. p.3.

• (1986) The Making of the Great Game Players: Tibetan Students in England 1912-1916. in Tibetan Review, Vol. XXI, No 1. 1986. pp:12-17.

• (1983) China's New Religious Policy in Tibetan Review, Vol. XXVII, No. 11, 1983. pp:15-20.

• (1983) with Crook, J. Six Families of Leh in Kantowsky D. & Sanders R. (eds) Recent Research on Ladakh, Schriftenreihe International Asienforum, Universitat Konstanz, 1983.

• (1982) Tibetanization of Ladakh in Tibetan Review, Vol. XX, No. 1, 1982. pp: 16-19.