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Carlsbad Caverns (Reading Essentials in Social Studies)
Carlsbad Caverns - Reading Essentials in Social Studies Author:Sara Louise Kras Briney waves of an Inland Sea 250 million years ago provided a favorable environment for marine plants and animals to flourish. Their limey remains, along with calcium carbonate from the water, built up a reef which grew upwards and outwards while, for millions of years, the entire region subsided. The channels supplying water from the... more » ocean closed and water evaporated faster than it was replaced. Salts and gypsum filled the basin. Eons passed. The earth stirred, and the reef, which today forms the Guadalupe Mountains, reared skyward (2o to 40 million years ago.) Dissolution of the limestone began as water carried the material away, creating a honeycomb of openings. Further uplifting and tilting, 2 to 4 million years ago, raised the area again, allowing the groundwater to drain away which left air-filled openings. Decoration of the caverns began.« less