Christian Doubt Author:Geddes Macgregor Text extracted from opening pages of book: CHRISTIAN DOUBT by GEDDES MAcGREGOR D. es L.( Pan* 5), D. Phil( Oxon), B. D., LL. B.( Edin.), F. R. S. L. Rufus Jones Professor of Philosophy and Religion, Bryn Mawr College, U. S. A. LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO LONDON t NEW YORK TORONTO FOR. MY MOTHER. CONTENTS PACK INTRODUCTION ....... xi CHAPTER I. DOUBT ... more »AS AN IMPLICATE OF FAITH i II. THE SCEPTICAL ELEMENT IN PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS THOUGHT ..... 17 III. CONVENTION AND PROTEST IN RELIGION AND IN IRRELIGION ....... 29 IV. THE SIN AGAINST THE HOLY GHOST ... 40 V. RELIGIOUS AGNOSTICISM AND CHRISTIAN HUMILITY 49 VI. PSYCHOLOGICAL POLARITY 58 VII. FAITH, DOUBT AND LAUGHTER .... 65 VIII. SILENCE 74 IX. THE FEAR OF DOUBT 81 X. THE NATURE OF CHRISTIAN DOUBT ... 94 XI. THE DISUNITY OF CHRISTENDOM . . . 100 XII. DOUBT AS A BASIS FOR CHRISTIAN RECONCILIATION 113 XIII. THE MEANING OF CHRISTIAN MYSTERY . . 126 XIV. CHRISTIAN DOUBT AND THE MYSTERY OF LOVE . 142 INDEXES ........ 155 INTRODUCTION QF the many curious turns of Kierkegaard's whimsical fancy, I can think of none more instructively amusing than his Parable of the Tame Geese. 1 Asking us to imagine that the geese could talk, he demands further that we suppose they had arranged their religious worship at which every Sunday they assembled; one of the ganders preached. The fundamental theme of the sermon was the lofty destiny of the geese and the high goal set before them by their Creator. ( Every time this word was mentioned the geese curtsied and the ganders bowed the head.) By the aid of wings they could fly away to distant, blessed climes, their proper home, for here they were but strangers. So it was every Sunday. And as soon as the assembly broke up each waddled home to his own affairs. And then the same next Sunday; they throve, became plump and delicate, and were duly eaten on Martinmas Eve. That was all. For on Mondays they were ready to recount to one another what befell a goose that had seriously experimented with the wings to which the preacher had alluded: it was a terrible death, they whispered; and so indeed it was. But they did not speak about that on Sundays, for this, said they, would have been unseemly, making a farce of their divine worship and of their Belief. Among the geese there were, however, some who seemed to be suffering and growing thin. There ! said the geese, on a Monday. You see what happens when flying is taken seriously? It is because they are fretting about and pining for this that they get thin, don't thrive, and don't have the Grace of God as do we who therefore become plump and delicate. And the next 1 Kierkegaard, EfterUdte Papirer, p. 345 , quoted by Walter Lcrwrie, Kierkegaard ( Oxford University Press, 1938), p. 544 xii Introduction Sunday they went again to divine worship; and again the old gander preached about the wings and the high goal set before the geese by the Creator; and here again the geese curtsied and the ganders bowed the head. This story is called by its author a revivalistic medita tion, and he foretells that someone will read it and remark how pretty a tale it is; will waddle home to his affairs; will become ( or at least try with all his might to become) plump, delicate and fat; and on Sunday when the parson preachifies, will hearken like the fat geese. It cannot be said that the fat geese did not believe; yet their believing did nothing to mitigate their Martinmas shame. They lacked the sense of wonder which prompted the venturesome goose to try her wings and disturbed the conventional career of some others. Evidently the two classes of geese believed in very different ways, and it was a reflection such as this which first led me to consider the question which I propose to discuss in the following pages. It is a question arising out of Christian experience, and I write about it accordingly. That wonder is die beginning of philosophy, a Socratic view expressed in the Thecetetus and elsewhere, would be generally admitted. Doubt is t« less