Funadamentals Of Physical Science Author:Konrad Bates Krauskopf FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE An Introduction to the Physical Sciences BY KONRAD BATES KRAUSKOPF Associate Professor of Gcoloyy, Stanford University SECOND EDITION FIFTH IMPRESSION New York Toronto London McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC. 1948 FUNDAMKNTALS OF PHYSICAL SCIKNCK Copyright, 1941, 1918, l y this MKJniw-Ilill Book Company, Ine. Printe... more »d in thi 1 United Htates of America. All rights reserved This book, or pnrts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publishers. Preface to the Second Edition THK preparation of a second edition has been prompted chiefly by a desire to bring the book up to date in several rapidly advancing fields of physical science. Notable changes are a complete rewriting of the chapter on the atomic nucleus, addition of a section on the uncer tainty principle, introduction of Broiistcds theory in the discussion of acids and bases, and increased emphasis on air-mass analysis in weather forecasting. The new edition lias also provided a welcome opportunity to correct a multitude of minor errors, ambiguities, and awkward phrasings, to add some necessary problems, and to improve several illustrations. A few sections of the first edition have been omitted or shortened because they did not contribute directly to the central theme of the book. For pointing out errors in the first edition the author is indebted to many students and friends. Particular help in preparing he second edition has been most generously given by Profs. F. 0. Koenig, Paul Kirk pat rick, and C. Alvarez-Tostado of Stanford University and Prof. F. C. Krauskopf of the University of Wisconsin. UATKS KKAUSKOPF TOKYO, J PAiV May, 1948. Preface to the First Edition THIS hook is addressed primarily to college students who wish a general knowledge of the physical sciences rather than detailed knowledge in any one science. It should likewise iill the need of the general reader, college trained or not, who seeks information about the methods of science and the place of science in our modern world. From either college student or general reader the book requires nothing in the way of preparation beyond a lively curiosity and a willingness to make some effort to train his mind in unaccustomed ways of thinking. Many books in recent years have presented to the general reader the more spectacular findings and achievements of modern science in readable, and entertaining form. If such books are designed to awaken the readers interest in science, this one is designed to deepen and enlarge that interest. Science in these chapters is not presented as a parade of marvels, but as a method of thought that leads to understanding and control of natural processes. Emphasis is placed less on the specific accomplishments of science than on how these accomplishments were made possible. By stressing the methods of scientific reasoning rather than their results the book attempts to give its readers a truer picture of the relationship of science to modern life and thought, a better appreciation of the limitations as well as the extraordinary power of the scientific, method. Materials for the book are taken from the four sciences of astronomy, physics, chemistry, and geology. Many fascinating branches of each one must be omitted from a volume of this size, but all the more important parts of each have been included in what the author hopes is a proper perspective. The different sciences arc not treated separately, since it seems desirable in a book of this kind to emphasize the unity of physical science as a field of knowledge rather than to stress its arbitrary divisions. A few words are necessary regarding use of the book as a college text. It is intended for a course in science, not for a superficial course about science...« less