International Law and the Use of Force Author:William T. Parsons, Alberto R. Coll, Anthony Clark Arend When the United Nations Charter was adopted in 1945, states established a legal "paradigm" for regulating the recourse to armed force. In the years since then, however, significant developments have challenged the paradigm's validity, causing a paradigmatic shift. "International Law and the Use of Force" traces this shift and explores its implic... more »ations for contemporary international law and practice.« less