John Hay Author:William Roscoe Thayer PREFACE IN order that readers may not be disappointed in their expectations, let me say at the outset that this is a personal biography and not a political history. The time has not yet come when it would be proper to give the names of all witnesses and to cite by direct reference the official documents, as is required in a formal history. There... more » is also much material in the State Archives of England, France, Germany, and Russia, which may not be available for publication for a long time to come, if ever. So I have endeavored to let John Hay tell his own story, wherever this was possible. Being in many respects an ideal letter-witer, he recorded his impressions so freshly and so vividly that he never leaves us in doubt as to what he thought of persons, political affairs, or lifes experiences. My part has been to sketch in a sufficient background to render intelligible each episode or situation, so that Hays relation to it would be clear almost at a glance. Shortly after Rlr. Hays death, Mrs. Hay assembled a considerable mass of his letters to his more intimate correspondents, which she edited with selections from his Diaries. She had a few copies of these memorials printed privately for distribution among friends. Her volumes form the basis of the present biography but I have drawn from a still larger store of material, including Mr. Hays letter-books, documents in the Department of State, and files, not only of his own letters, but also of those of his official colleagues and friends. In addition, many persons who knew him in his middle and later life have kindly given me their recollections of him. Wherever the actual form of word or phrase seemed to require exact reproduction, I have printed it as he wrote it but in many cases he used abbreviations, and in his Journals even short-hand symbols, which I have not hesitated to expand, always taking care, however, not to change his meaning. For the convenience of the reader should be kept in view, when it does not involve the sacrifice of essentials. In those volumes which Mrs. Hay edited she scrupulously substituted capital letters or dashes for all the proper names. I have been unable in several cases to recover the original letters which she used and so I have been obliged to rely upon the version which she printed. This will explain the appearance here of capital letters and dashes where I could not identify the original names but occasionally I too have suppressed names where it seemed advisable to do so. It is not possible for me to mention here, as I should like to do, all those persons who have assisted me in the preparation of this work, but I cannot close without making grateful acknowledgment, to Mr. Hays daughters, Mrs. Whitney and Mrs. Wadsworth to the Honorable and Mrs. Charles E. Hay to Mr. Samuel Mather to President Theodore Roosevelt to President JVilliam H. Taft to Senators Henry Cabot Lodge and Elihu Root to the Honorable Henry White, late Ambassador to Italy and to France to the Honorable Joseph H. Choate, late Ambassador to Great Britain to General John W. Foster, former Secretary of State to the Honorable Charlemagne Tower, late Ambassador to Germany and to Russia to the Honorable Alvey A. Adee, Francis B. Loomis, and William Phillips, Assistant Secretaries of State to the Honorable Herbert W...« less