Lectures on the American Civil War Author:James Ford Rhodes ON THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR DELIVERED BEFORE THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD IN EASTER AND TRINITY TERMS 1912 BY JAMES FORD RHODES, LL. D., D. Lira. LECTURER ON THE HISTORY AND INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1912 AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF TELE UNITED STATES FROM THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 TO THE FINAL RESTORATION OF HOME RULE AT THIS SOUTH IN 1... more »877 HISTORICAL ESSATS THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1926 All right reserved COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published January, 1913. J. 8. Cashing Co. Berwick fc Smith Co. CHARLES HARDING FIRTH REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IK TUB UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD PEEFACE I BEAD these Lectures in the Schools before the University of Oxford during May 1912, They are printed as read with no very important ex ceptions. A few paragraphs and sentences as originally written were omitted in the Beading to keep within the conventional fifty-five min utes these are here restored. The account of Picketts Charge in Lecture III has been ex panded for the sake of greater clearness j likewise my story of Grants Vicksburg campaign which, as read in Oxford, was excessively compressed. The work of literary revision of the Lectures has been entrusted to my son, Daniel P. Ehodes, to whom, amongst other changes, I owe the re writing of the Pickett Charge and the Vicksburg campaign. Footnote references, in which only volume and page numbers are given, are to my History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the Final Restoration of Home Rule at the South in 1877. I have had the further benefit of a critical sur vey by David M. Matteson to him I owe the vii viii PREFACE plan of the map which shows the country at two different dates an undertaking fraught with con siderable difficulties. For the careful execution of the map I am indebted to George P. Brett. The syllabus of the Lectures serves as a Table of Contents. BOSTON, December, CONTENTS LECTUEE I PAGES ANTECEDENTS OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1850-1860 1-64 Cause of the War, slavery. Illustrated by the pre vious tariff dispute and the later one about free silver. The existence of negro slavery a grave condition. Antecedents of the Civil War. Affairs in 1850. Dispute regarding status of territory acquired from Mexico. California decided against slavery. This decision disappointed the Souths Relative greater progress of the North. Difference of opinion regard ing slavery North and South. Abolitionist agitation. Demands of the South, Compromise of 1850. Fugi tive Slave Law induced Uncle Toms Cabin. This novels great influence. Missouri Compromise of 1820 repealed by action of Senator Douglas. The Repeal considered an outrage by the North and resulted in the formation of the Republican party. Political ex citement in 1854. Repeal brought on a contest be tween slavery and freedom for the possession of Kansas. Murder and robbery. Kansas of 1856 wel tered in blood and anarchy. Senate and House dif fered about Kansas. Presidential canvass of 1856. Democrats elected Buchanan. Unscrupulous effort to make Kansas a slave State by the Lecompton Con stitution. Douglas set himself in opposition to his party. Kansas by popular vote decided for freedom. Lincoln contested the senatorship of Illinois with Douglas. His House-divided-against-itself doctrine. Character of Lincoln. Lincoln-Douglas debates in Illinois attracted the attention of the country. Doug las elected senator. Irrepressible conflict between freedom and slavery. John Browns attack on slav ery. Excitement in Congress. Breach, in the Demo cratic party 1860. Lincolns election as President, ix x CONTENTS LECTURE II PAOTW FROM LINCOLNS ELECTION, 1860, TO HIS PKOCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION, 1862 65-1SO Lincolns election a sectional triumph. On account of it South Carolina seceded. Congress tried to pre vent further secessions. The Crittenden Compromise would probably have stayed the secession movement. Congress failed to adopt it on account of Lincolns objection...« less