Varro's literary output was very large; Ritschl estimated it at 74 works in some 620 books, of which only one work survives complete, although we possess many fragments of the others, mostly in Gellius'
Noctes Atticae.
Called "the most learned of the Romans" by Quintilian (
Inst. Or. X.1.95), Varro was recognized as an important source by many other ancient authors, among them Cicero, Pliny the Elder, Vergil in the
Georgics, Columella, Aulus Gellius, Augustine, and Vitruvius, who credits him (VII.Intr.14) with a book on architecture.
From a modern perspective, one noteworthy aspect of Varro's work is his anticipation of microbiology and epidemiology. Varro warned his contemporaries to avoid swamps and marshland, since such areas "breed certain minute creatures which cannot be seen by the eyes, but which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose and cause serious diseases." (
R.R. I.12.2)
Extant works
- De lingua latina libri XXV (or On the Latin Language in 25 Books; of which six survive, partly mutilated)
- Rerum rusticarum libri III (or Agricultural Topics in Three Books)
Known lost works
- Saturarum Menippearum libri CL or Menippean Satires in 150 books
- Antiquitates rerum humanarum et divinarum libri XLI
- Logistoricon libri LXXVI
- Hebdomades vel de imaginibus
- Disciplinarum libri IX (An encyclopedia on the liberal arts, of which the first book dealt with grammar)
- De rebus urbanis libri III
- De gente populi Romani libri IIII
- De sua vita libri III
- De familiis troianis
- De Antiquitate Litterarum libri II (addressed to the tragic poet Lucius Accius; it's therefore one of his earliest writings)
- De Origine Linguae Latinae libri III (addressed to Pompey)
- ???? ?????????? (in at least three books, on the formation of words)
- Quaestiones Plautinae libri V (containing interpretations of rare words found in the comedies of Plautus)
- De Similitudine Verborum libri III (on regularity in forms and words)
- De Utilitate Sermonis libri IIII (on the principle of anomaly or irregularity)
- De Sermone Latino libri V (?) (addressed to Marcellus, on orthography and the metres of poetry)
- De philosophia (cf. Augustine, 'The City of God' xix. 1.)
Most of the extant fragments of these works (mostly the grammatical works) can be found in the Goetz-Schoell edition of
De Lingua Latina, p.199-242; in the collection of Wilmanns, p.170-223; and in that of Funaioli, p.179-371.
Varro's own writings
- de Re Rustica (Latin and English at LacusCurtius)
- de Re Rustica (Latin)
Secondary material
- Livius.org: Varronian chronology
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