Mary Robison (January 14, 1949) is an American short-story writer and novelist. She has published four collections of stories, and four novels, including her 2001 novel Why Did I Ever, winner of the 2001 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for fiction. Her most recent novel, released in 2009, is One D.O.A., One on the Way. She has been categorized as a founding "minimalist" writer along with authors such as Amy Hempel, Frederick Barthelme, and Raymond Carver.

Robison was born in Washington, D.C. to a patent attorney and a child psychologist. She has seven brothers and sisters as well as a half brother. From an early age she was interested in writing and as a child kept journals and wrote poetry as a teenager. She once ran away from home and journeyed to Florida in search of Jack Kerouac. She attended Ohio State University for college. Robison makes a cameo appearance as a real life character in the memoir Double Down, by Steven Barthelme and Frederick Barthelme.

In 1977 The New Yorker began publishing her work with the short story "Sisters." They have since published two dozen stories, many of which reappear in American anthologies. During the 1980s she published the novel Oh and the short-story collections An Amateur's Guide to the Night (1983) and Believe Them (1988).

In the 1990s she suffered from severe writer's block and in an effort to overcome it she scribbled her thoughts on thousands of index cards. These cards were reworked to become the novel Why Did I Ever, which consists of 536 short chapters.

Robison received her MA from Johns Hopkins University, where she studied with John Barth. She has taught at numerous colleges and universities, and is now a tenured professor at the University of Florida. Her novel One DOA, One on the Way was chosen by Oprah Winfrey's Book Club for 2009 summer time reading.

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