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Modes of Therapeutic Action: Enhancement of Knowledge, Provision of Experience, and Engagement in Relationship
Modes of Therapeutic Action Enhancement of Knowledge Provision of Experience and Engagement in Relationship Author:Martha Stark In an effort to answer these and other clinically relevant questions about the process of psychotherapeutic change, Martha Stark has developed a comprehensive theory of therapeutic action that integrates the interpretive perspective of classical psychoanalysis (Model 1), the corrective-provision perspective of self psychology and those object re... more »lations theories emphasizing the internal "absence of good" (Model 2),and the relational perspective of contemporary psychoanalysis and those object relations theories emphasizing the internal "presence of bad"(Model 3). Model I is about knowledge and insight. It is a one-person psychology because its focus is on the patient and the internal workings of her mind. Model 2 is about corrective experience. It is a one-and-a-half-person psychology because its emphasis is not so much on the relationship per se, but on the filling in of the patient's deficits by way of the therapist's corrective provision; what ultimately matters is not who the therapist is, but, rather, what she can offer. Model 3 is about relationship, the real relationship. It is a two-person psychology because its focus is on patients and therapists who relate to each other as real people; it is about mutuality, reciprocity, and inter subjectivity. Whereas Model 2 is about"give" and involves the therapist's bringing the best of who she is into the room, Model 3 is about "give-and-take" and involves the therapist's bringing all of who she is into the room. As Dr. Stark repeatedly demonstrates in numerous clinical vignettes, the three modes of therapeutic actionknowledge, experience, and relationshipare not mutually exclusive but mutually enhancing. If, as therapists, we can tolerate the necessary uncertainty that comes with there cognition that there is an infinite variety of possibilities for change, then we will be able to enhance the therapeutic potential of each moment and optimize our effectiveness as clinicians.« less