Racial Factors in Democracy - 1919 Author:Philip Ainsworth Means Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III A STUDY OF A SERIES OF CONSTANTLY LINKED CULTURES N this part of my argument I shall try to trace out the historical and cultural connections b... more »etween a series of civilizations which were either directly linked to one another or were closely related to one another through mutual ancestor-cultures. The purpose here, of course, is to show the importance and action of cultural relationships. A. The Ancient Cultures of Anau, Turkestan This culture group forms a convenient one to start with for the reason that it seems to have been the parent of many civilizations. There are two kurgans or mounds at Anau which furnish us with a very detailed picture of the cultural history of the site. The North Kurgan is the older and presents the first and second of a group of four successive cultures. Culture I was clearly transitional from Palaeolithic to Neolithic. There were no metal implements and no domestic animals. Flaked flints and other stone tools were used. Houses were built of air-dried bricks and were rectangular in form. Hand made pottery decorated with geometric designs painted on were in use. Although there were no domestic animals the wild horse, sheep,gazelle, cattle, boar, and wolf were hunted for food, the weapons being wooden arrows hardened in the fire. There was a systematic cultivation of wheat and barley. The dates usually assigned to this culture are 9000-8000 B.C.1 In the upper portion of the North Kurgan are found the vestiges of Culture II. Considerable progress is here visible, for the use of lead and copper was beginning to be known, and there were, in time, several domesticated animals, including the pig, horse, goat, dog, camel, and cattle. Pottery remained much the same as it was in Culture I. The use of turquoise, lapis-lazuli, and carnelian ...« less