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Studies in Early Chinese Culture (Perspectives in Asian History, No 3)
Studies in Early Chinese Culture - Perspectives in Asian History, No 3 Author:Herrlee Glessner Creel STUDIES IN EARLY CHINESE CULTURE FIRST SERIES AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LEARNED SOCIETIES STUDIES IN CHINESE AND RELATED CIVILIZATIONS NUMBER 3 The series of which this volume is a part is published through the generosity of the late MARGARET WATSON PARKER, of Detroit, who wished thus to honor the memory of CHARLES JAMES MORSE, a pioneer collector and... more » student of things Oriental, but who, during her lifetime y preferred that her gift remain anonymous. STUDIES IN EARLY CHINESE CULTURE FIRST SERIES BY HERRLEE GLESSNER CREEL Assistant Professor of Chinese Literature and Institutions at the University of Chicago TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v Special Note concerning Dates xvi I. SOTJBCE MATERIALS FOR THE HISTORY OF THE SHANG PERIOD 1. The Inscribed Bones 1 2. Excavation 16 3. Books of the Shang Period 21 Books and writing in ancient China 21 Shang Sung , 49 Tang Shih 55 Pan Keng 64 Kao Tsung Yung Jih 69 Hsi Po Kan Li 76 Wei Tzu 81 Summary 93 II. WAS THERE A HSIA DYNASTY 1. Traditions of pre-Hsia China 97 2. Hsia traditions 100 3. The location of the Hsia state 120 Summary 129 III. WHO WERE THE SHANGS 1. The period of Shang residence at Anyang 133 2. Racial origins 140 3. Geographical origins 152 4. Origins of Shang culture 168 Neolithic cultures in North China 170 A northeastern culture area 194 The manufacture of bronze. , 218 Shang decorative art 234 Foreign parallels to Shang design , 245 Summary 253 Books and articles cited 255 Bibliographical abbreviations 261 Index. . . .-263 emr OMOJ TO CARL WHITING BISHOP PREFACE Of all the numerous problems with which the scientific research of China is concerned, the problem of the early origin and development of Chinese civilization is the most important, and at the same time the most fascinating. Berthold Laufer. For the past nine years it has been my intention to make a study of the origins of Chinese culture, and its development during the earliest known periods, on the basis of first-hand examination of all the contemporary documents and other data which are now available. During four of those years I have spent my entire time in realizing this aim. The papers included in this volume are the first of the results of this investigation. It was first necessary to delimit the field of investigation. From the cultural point of view I set the limit of Chinese culture, and have arbitrarily defined Chinese culture as the culture of people using the Chinese written language. But it was necessary to investigate not only these people, but others who may have influenced, them directly. In this latter category the Neolithic inhabitants of North China are most important, and it has been necessary to study all available data concerning them. These are almost exclusively the results of excavation, both artifacts and publications in Chinese and European lan guages. While my study of these materials has been as thorough as I could make it, it has not been as exhaustive, or as first-hand, as my study of the Chinese materials, which fall within my proper field. Definition of chronological limits was less simple. History, and especially Chinese history, is a continuum. To demarcate is 1. The Journal of Race Development, 1914, 5.2.160. vi Early Chinese History to some extent to distort, but in practice is inevitable. It was only gradually, in the course of the actual investigation, that I was able to mark out a period which at the same time lent itself to the practical necessities of investigation, and corresponded in considerable measure to the realities of political, social, and cultural history. The present starting-point for the history of Chinese culture as such is determined by our materials. As is shown in the following papers, the earliest contemporary materials, and the earliest completely reliable information which we have concerning Chinese culture, come from some time in the fourteenth century B. C...« less