European Monetary Union Author:John Grahl, GrahlJohn John Grahl investigates some key flaws in the monetary union and demonstrates how, despite these political and economic weaknesses being emphasized during a long debate, European political elites appear to have imposed the formulae of Maastricht in an essentially unchanged form. Three problems are highlighted: the lack of democratic legitimacy f... more »or European monetary policy, the decidedly restrictive nature of the macro-economic regime that has been installed, and the absence of adequate Europe-wide mechanisms to ensure financial stability. These issues are examined with a specific focus on the transformations in European money and finance which have taken place since the launch of the euro.« less