Forestry Quarterly - 2 Author:Bernhard Eduard Fernow Volume: 2 General Books publication date: 2009 Original publication date: 1904 Subjects: Forests and forestry Notes: This is a black and white OCR reprint of the original. It has no illustrations and there may be typos or missing text. When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where y... more »ou can select from more than a million books for free. Excerpt: EFFECTS OF FROST UPON FOREST VEGETATION. The effects on forest growth of temperature below the freezing point, or frost, are seldom considered, though they often cause serious damage. The damage consists in nipping young trees and the tender parts of old ones -- new shoots, leaves, flowers, and fruits ; in heaving young plants out of the ground ; and in producing frost cracks and other defects in the trunks of trees which reduce to a great extent the market value of the timber. Frosts may be divided into general frosts, or such as act upon considerable territory, and local frosts, or those confined to comparatively small areas. The time of the year during which frosts occur divides them into early or fall frosts, winter frosts, and late or spring frosts. The influence of winter frosts upon arborescent forest vegetation can be only general, whereas early frosts and late frosts can be local as well as general. The frosts of the transitory periods of the year, spring and fall, are of greater danger to arborescent forest vegetation than winter frosts. Fall (early) frosts are less dangerous than spring (late) frosts to old trees, which suffer and succumb only during exceptionally severe and snowless winters. Early frosts affect arborescent forest vegetation chiefly on elevated exposures, while late frosts are especially dangerous in low, warm places. Early or Fall Frosts. The effects of fall frosts upon forest vegetation may be observed in Lhe northern part of the United States as early as September. They are due to a fall to 32 F. in the temperature of the lower...« less