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"La ultima gaviota": Liberalism and Nostalgia in Early Twentieth-Century Panama (Contributions in Latin American Studies)
La ultima gaviota Liberalism and Nostalgia in Early Twentieth-Century Panama - Contributions in Latin American Studies Author:Peter A. Szok This study examines the development of Panamanian nationalism, focusing on the period from 1903 to 1941. Utilizing historiography, literature, public architecture, and monuments, Szok posits that Panamanian nationalism is, in part, a legacy of the nineteenth century when Panama experienced a nationalist movement typical of the rest of Latin Amer... more »ica. This movement was a creation of the country's white elite, who feared the Afro-mestizo masses and sought the protection of outside powers. Later joining forces with the growing middle class, the upper class continued to emphasize liberalism and promoted nostalgia for things Hispanic. This effort left it largely divorced from the Afro-Caribbean culture of the terminal cities and would ultimately contribute to its loss of power in 1968.« less