Robert Asprin was born in St. Johns, Michigan, and attended the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Michigan from 1964 through 1965. From 1965 through 1966 he served in the United States Army. He was married (twice) and had two children. He was active in science fiction fandom and in the early years of the Society for Creative Anachronism under the name "Yang the Nauseating", and co-founded the Great Dark Horde in 1971. He was also an influential member of the Dorsai Irregulars. In 1976, he was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation for The Capture, a cartoon slide show written by Asprin and drawn by Phil Foglio.

Asprin's first novel, The Cold Cash War, an expansion of an earlier short story of the same title, was published in 1977.

Over the next few years, he created and edited (with his then-wife, Lynn Abbey) the Thieves' World series of shared world anthologies, credited as the first project of its type. Soon after the series hit its stride many of the authors produced novels and stories outside the anthologies, beginning with Beyond Sanctuary by Janet Morris, the first "authorized" Thieves World novel, published in 1985. Janet Morris and Chris Morris went on to produce two more authorized Thieves World "Beyond" novels and a series of related novels about their immortalized character, Tempus, and the Sacred Band of Stepsons.. A series of graphic novels followed in the mid-1980s, and several other authors, including Andrew J. Offutt, and David Drake published novels about their characters. In 2002, Lynn Abbey resurrected the series with the novel Sanctuary.

In 1978, Asprin began the "MythAdventures" series chronicling the comic adventures of Skeeve and Aahz, with the book Another Fine Myth. Originally illustrated by Frank Kelly Freas, and later by Phil Foglio, the highly pun-driven books follow a "demon" magician who has lost his powers and his inexperienced human apprentice as they travel through a variety of worlds in pursuit of finding their place in life, under the guise of seeking wealth and glory. Some of the early "Myth" novels were later adapted as comic books by Foglio and others. The Myth books have passed through three publishing companies over the years: Donning Starblaze, Meisha Merlin and as of 2008, Wildside Press.

In the 1990s, Asprin's "Phule" novels followed the humorous science-fiction exploits of a rag-tag company of the "Space Legion" and its wealthy and iconoclastic leader Willard Phule.

Due to a series of personal and financial problems, Asprin stopped writing in the 1990s. He had two books on the New York Times Bestsellers list which piqued the interest of fans and the IRS. Unfortunately this came right at the time of an almost seven year writing drought. He eventually negotiated an agreement with the IRS,which encouraged him to return to writing, and in the late 1990s and early 2000s, he wrote several novels in collaboration with authors Peter Heck, Jody Lynn Nye, and Linda Evans. These novels included continuations of the "Myth" series and the "Phule" series as well as works in original series.

One of Asprin’s last projects was NO Quarter, originally co-authored with Eric Del Carlo, and later edited by Teresa Patterson. It is a dark fantasy/suspense/ murder mystery novel set in the author's beloved New Orleans French Quarter. Although the novel's fantasy elements (voodoo and black magic, tarot readings and precognition, ghosts and mysticism) are secondary to the brutal murder that is the focus of the plot, it is set in the same milieu as Asprin's Griffen McCandles novels (Dragons series), Dragons Luck and Dragons Wild. The two protagonists of NO Quarter, Maestro and Bone, also appear as minor characters in the Dragons novels. Maestro, the mysterious pool shark and fencing master in NO Quarter, is a highly fictionalized but recognizable self-portrait of the author. NO Quarter was published November 2009 by DarkStar Books [1].

Asprin's oft-times co-author, Jody Lynn Nye, has completed one further Griffen McCandles novel, Dragons Deal, and may continue the Myth Adventures series. Dragons Deal is slated to be published by Ace in December 2010.

Asprin died May 22, 2008, in bed, where he had been reading a Terry Pratchett novel. He was to have been the Guest of Honor at Marcon that weekend.

In 2008, his heirs donated his archive to the department of Rare Books and Special Collections at Northern Illinois University.

Myth Adventures series

• Another Fine Myth (1978)
• Myth Conceptions (1980)
• Myth Directions (1982)
• Hit or Myth (1983)
• Myth-ing Persons (1984)
• Little Myth Marker (1985)
• M.Y.T.H. Inc. Link (1986)
• Myth-Nomers and Im-Pervections (1987)
• M.Y.T.H. Inc. in Action (1990)
• Sweet Myth-tery of Life (1993)
• Myth-Ion Improbable (2001) chronologically set between Myth Directions and Hit or Myth
• Something M.Y.T.H. Inc. (2002)
• Myth-told Tales (2003) with Jody Lynn Nye
• Myth Alliances (2003) with Jody Lynn Nye
• Myth-taken Identity (2004) with Jody Lynn Nye
• Class Dis-Mythed (2005) with Jody Lynn Nye
• Myth-Gotten Gains (2006) with Jody Lynn Nye
• Myth-Chief (2008) with Jody Lynn Nye
• Myth-Fortunes (2008) with Jody Lynn Nye

Omnibus editions

• MYTH Adventures (1984)
• Myth Adventures One (1985)
• Myth Alliances (Myth-ing Persons, Little Myth Marker, M.Y.T.H. Inc. Link) (1986)
• The MYTH-ing Omnibus (1992)
• The Second MYTH-ing Omnibus (1992)
• M.Y.T.H. Inc. in Action / Sweet Myth-Tery of Life (2002)
• M.Y.T.H. Inc. Link / Myth-Nomers and Im-Pervections (2002)
• Myth Adventures Three (2002)
• Myth-ing Persons / Little Myth Marker (2002)
• Robert Asprin's Myth Adventures Volume One (Books 1-6) (July 2006)
• Robert Asprin's Myth Adventures Volume Two (Books 7-12) (January 2007)

Duncan and Mallory series

• Duncan and Mallory (1986) with Mel White
• The Bar None Ranch (1987) with Mel White
• The Raiders (1988) with Mel White

Phule's Company series

• Phule's Company (1990)
• Phule's Paradise (1992)
• A Phule and His Money (1999) with Peter J. Heck
• Phule Me Twice (2000) with Peter J. Heck
• No Phule Like an Old Phule (2004) with Peter J. Heck
• Phule's Errand (2006) with Peter J. Heck

Time Scout series

• Time Scout (1995) with Linda Evans
• Wagers of Sin (1995) with Linda Evans
• Ripping Time (2000) with Linda Evans
• The House that Jack Built (2000) with Linda Evans

Cold Cash series

• The Cold Cash War (1977)
• Cold Cash Warrior (1989) with Bill Fawcett

Wartorn series

• Resurrection (2004) with Eric Del Carlo
• Obliteration (2006) with Eric Del Carlo

Griffen McCandles (Dragons) series

• Dragons Wild (April 2008), ISBN 0-4410-1470-4
• Dragons Luck (April 2009), ISBN 0-4410-1680-4

Other Novels

• Tambu (1979)
• The Bug Wars (1979)
• Mirror Friend, Mirror Foe (1979) with George Takei
• Catwoman (1992) with Lynn Abbey
• License Invoked (February 2001) with Jody Lynn Nye, ISBN 0-671-31978-7
• For King and Country (July 2002) with Linda Evans, ISBN 0-7434-3539-7
• E.Godz (March 2005) with Esther M Friesner, ISBN 0-7434-9888-7
• NO Quarter (October 2009) with Eric Del Carlo and Teresa Patterson, ISBN 978-0-9819866-0-9

Selected short fiction

• "The Ex-Khan" in Angels in Hell (1987), part of the Heroes in Hell series
• "Two Gentlemen of the Trade" in Festival Moon (1987), part of the Merovingen Nights series
• "A Harmless Excursion" in Smugglers Gold (1988), also from Merovingen Nights
• "Mything in Dreamland" with Jody Lynn Nye in Masters of Fantasy (2004), part of the Myth series

Editor

Thieves' World series

• Thieves' World (1979)
• Tales from the Vulgar Unicorn (1980)
• Shadows of Sanctuary (1981)
• Storm Season (1982)
• The Face of Chaos (1983)
• Wings of Omen (1984)
• The Dead of Winter (1985)
• Soul of the City (1986)
• Blood Ties (1986)
• Aftermath (1987)
• Uneasy Alliances (1988)
• Stealers' Sky (1989)

Other writing

• The Capture, cartoon slide show written by Asprin and illustrated by Phil Foglio; nominated for a 1976 Hugo Award