Geoffrey Norman Blainey AC (born 11 March 1930), is an Australian historian. He is prominent as a conservative political commentator.

Blainey was born in Melbourne and raised in a series of Victoria country towns before attending Wesley College and the University of Melbourne. While at university he was editor of Farrago, the newspaper of the University of Melbourne Student Union. He was appointed to a teaching post at the University of Melbourne in 1962, becoming Professor of Economic History in 1968, Professor of History in 1977, and then Dean of Melbourne's Faculty of Arts in 1982. From 1994 to 1998 Blainey was foundation Chancellor at the University of Ballarat.

Career more less

His first major project in the 1950s was, as an author and researcher working on the history of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company, at Queenstown, Tasmania when a significant number of the older residents could remember the beginnings of the community. The resultant book is one of the few company and local histories in Australia to achieve six editions. He has since published 32 books, including his highly acclaimed A Short History Of The World. His works have ranged from sports and local histories to interpreting the motives behind British settlement of Australia in The Tyranny of Distance, covering over two centuries of human conflict in The Causes of War, and examining the optimism and pessimism in Western society since 1750 in The Great See-Saw.

Blainey was a Professor of Economic History and later the Ernest Scott Professor of History at the University of Melbourne. He held a Chair in Australian Studies at Harvard University. He is listed as one of the Australian Living Treasures. Geoffrey Blainey was Chairman of the Australia Council for four years and Chairman of the Australia-China Council from its inception in 1979 until June 1984. In 2001, he was the Chairman of the National Council for the Centenary of Federation. From 1994 to 1998, he was the Foundation Chancellor of the University of Ballarat.

Blainey has, at times, been a controversial figure too. In the 1980s, he criticised the level of Asian immigration to Australia and the policy of multiculturalism in speeches, articles and a book All for Australia. He has been closely aligned with the former Liberal-National coalition government of John Howard in Australia, with Howard shadowing Blainey's conservative views on some issues, especially the view that Australian history has been hijacked by social liberals. As a result of these stances, Blainey is sometimes associated with right-wing politics.

In his 1993 Sir John Latham Memorial Lecture, Blainey coined the phrases "Black armband view of history" versus the contrasting "three cheers" view (see History wars). The phrase "Black armband view of history" began to be used, pejoratively or otherwise, by some conservative Australian social scientists, politicians, commentator and intellectuals about historians whom they viewed as having presented an overly critical portrayal of Australian history since European settlement.

Among many other posts, Blainey has served on the Council of Australian War Memorial since 1997, the Council of National Council for the Centenary of Federation since 1997, and the Council of the Royal Humane Society of Australasia since 1997. He writes sporadic columns regarding history for The Australian a national newspaper.

In 2001, Blainey presented the Boyer Lectures on the theme This Land is all Horizons: Australian Fears and Visions.

Views on Asian Immigration more less

In March 1984, Blainey commented to a group of Rotarians in the Southern Victorian town of Warrnambool that public opinion would not support the rate of Asian immigration to Australia. Criticizing what he viewed as the disproportionately high levels of Asian immigration to Australia, he said: "Rarely in the history of the modern world has a nation given such preference to a tiny ethnic minority of its population as the Australian Government has done in the past few years, making that minority the favoured majority in its immigration policy."

Blainey elaborated on his concerns some days later in an article for The Age, in which he introduced the term "Asianisation" into the Australian political lexicon, a phrase Blainey attributed to then Immigration Minister Stewart West.

In the article, Blainey wrote:

I do not accept the view, widely held in the Federal Cabinet, that some kind of slow Asian takeover of Australia is inevitable. I do not believe that we are powerless. I do believe that we can with good will and good sense control our destiny ... As a people, we seem to move from extreme to extreme. In the past 30 years the government of Australia has moved from the extreme of wanting a white Australia to the extreme of saying that we will have an Asian Australia and that the quicker we move towards it the better.

Blainey's views, later expanded upon in a book entitled All for Australia, provoked much debate and controversy, and 24 historians from the University of Melbourne signed a public letter distancing themselves from his views. Many of Blainey's colleagues argued that his views were divisive and would inflame racism in Australia.

After a group of left-wing students at the University of Melbourne picketed Blainey’s lectures and demonstrated against him, Blainey was forced to cancel the rest of scheduled talks at the university for the rest of 1984 on security grounds. Blainey and his family were also subject to threats of violence, prompting Blainey to remove his name and address from the public telephone book and organise private security for his home.

According to fellow historian Keith Windschuttle:

The immediate consequence of all this was that Blainey, easily Australia’s best and most prolific living historian, was effectively silenced from speaking at his own university. He reverted to an administrative role as Dean of Arts and did not lecture again in the history department until 1987. This violation of academic freedom, clearly the worst in Australian history, provoked no protest at all from the university’s academic staff association, nor from the university council, let along his own departmental colleagues.

In 1988, Blainey resigned from the University of Melbourne because of the hostility from many of his colleagues following his speech in Warnambool.

More than two decades later, in 2005, the University of Melbourne named a Chair in Australian history in his honour.. Subsequently in December 2007 The University granted a Doctor of Laws to Professor Blainey which noted he was in Australia a probably unique professional historian, in that he had made his living by popular sales of his works quite separately from his academic positions, and that this created a greater interest in history in the broader public. The citation noted that his popularity as an author meant 'few graduates of this University have exerted greater influence on national life.'

Blainey and the History Wars more less

Blainey has been an important but low-key contributor to the debate over Australian history since British settlement, often referred to as the History Wars. Blainey coined the term the "Black armband view of history" to refer to those historians and academics, usually leftist, who accused European Australians of genocide against Aborigines.

Reflecting on the Australian Bicentenary in 1988, Blainey accused some academics and groups of depicting Australian history since British settlement as essentially a "story of violence, exploitation, repression, racism, sexism, capitalism, colonialism, and a few other 'isms'." Blainey also accused multiculturalists of having "little respect for the history of Australia between 1788 and 1950," claiming that in their eyes "Australia was a desert between 1788 and 1950 because it was populated largely by people from the British Isles and because it seemed to have a cultural unity, a homogeneity which is the very antithesis of multiculturalism."

Blainey referred to the contrasting positive histories as the "three cheers" school.

In his 1993 Sir John Latham Memorial Lecture, Blainey elaborated:

To some extent my generation was reared on the Three Cheers view of history. This patriotic view of our past had a long run. It saw Australian history as largely a success. While the convict era was a source of shame or unease, nearly everything that came after was believed to be pretty good. There is a rival view, which I call the Black Armband view of history. In recent years it has assailed the optimistic view of history. The black armbands were quietly worn in official circles in 1988. The multicultural folk busily preached their message that until they arrived much of Australian history was a disgrace. The past treatment of Aborigines, of Chinese, of Kanakas, of non-British migrants, of women, the very old, the very young, and the poor was singled out, sometimes legitimately, sometimes not. ... The Black Armband view of history might well represent the swing of the pendulum from a position that had been too favourable, too selfcongratulatory, to an opposite extreme that is even more unreal and decidedly jaundiced.

Although Blainey's book Triumph of the Nomads was considered to be a scholarly study into the history of Australia's original inhabitants, his opinions opposing High Court decisions in favour of Aboriginal land rights put him in the line of fire and led to accusations of racism.

Awards more less

Bibliography more less

The Peaks of Lyell, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Vic., 1954.
A Centenary History of the University of Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Vic.; London, Cambridge University Press, 1957.
A history of The National Bank of Australasia, Georgian House, Melbourne, Victoria 1958.
The Story of Mount Isa Mines, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, N.S.W., 1960.
A History of Australian Mining, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, Vic., 1963.
A History of Camberwell, Jacaranda Press in association with the Camberwell City Council, Brisbane, 1964.
How Distance Shaped Australia's History, Sun Books, Melbourne, Vic., 1966.

Winner of the C. Weickhardt award for Australian literature

The Rise of Broken Hill, Macmillan of Australia, Melbourne, Vic., 1968.
Across a Red World, Macmillan, Melbourne, Vic., 1968.
The Steel Master: A Life of Essington Lewis, Macmillan of Australia, South Melbourne, Vic., 1971.
The Causes of War, Macmillan, London, 1973.
Triumph of the Nomads: A History of Ancient Australia, Macmillan, South Melbourne, Vic., 1975. SBN 333 17583 2
A Land Half Won, Macmillan, South Melbourne, Vic., 1980.
Gold and Paper 1858-1982: A History of the National Bank of Australasia, Macmillan, South Melbourne, 1983.
Our Side of the Country: The Story of Victoria, Metheun Haynes, North Ryde, N.S.W., 1984.
All for Australia, Methuen Haynes, North Ryde, N.S.W., 1984.
The Great Seesaw: A New View of the Western World, 1750-2000, Macmillan, South Melbourne Vic., Basingstoke, 1988.
A Game of Our Own: The Origins of Australian Football, Information Australia, Melbourne, Vic., 1990.
Odd Fellows: A History of IOOF Australia, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, N.S.W., 1991.
Blainey, Eye on Australia: Speeches and Essays of Geoffrey Blainey, Schwartz Books, Melbourne, Vic., 1991.
Jumping Over the Wheel, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, N.S.W., 1993.
The Golden Mile, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, 1993.
A Shorter History of Australia, William Heinemann Australia, Port Melbourne, Vic., 1994.
White Gold: The Story of Alcoa of Australia, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, N.S.W., 1997.
In Our Time, Information Australia, Melbourne, Vic., 1999.
A History of the AMP 1848-1998, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, N.S.W., 1999.
A Short History of the World, Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Vic., 2000.
Black Kettle & Full Moon: Daily Life in a Vanished Australia, Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Vic., 2004.
A Short History of the Twentieth Century, Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Vic., 2006.
A History of Victoria, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2006.
Sea of Dangers: Captain Cook and His Rivals, Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Vic., 2008.

Biography more less

This author page uses material from the Wikipedia article "Geoffrey Blainey", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0

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