Manuel Antonio Caballero Agüero (b. 5 December 1931) is a notable Venezuelan historian, journalist, best-selling author and retired professor of contemporary Venezuelan history at the Central University of Venezuela.

Caballero was born in Caracas, studied history at the Central University of Venezuela and got his PhD at the University of London. With the publication of his PhD dissertation he became the first Venezuelan author to be published by Cambridge University Press. In 1989 he was invited to teach at Universitá degli Studi di Napoli in Italy. He has received the National Award on Journalism (Premio Nacional de Periodismo) and the National Award in History (Premio Nacional de Historia, 1994) and in 2005 he was elected to become a member of the National Academy of History of Venezuela. He writes regularly for the Venezuelan newspapers El Nacional, El Diario de Caracas and most recently El Universal. Despite his past a left-wing thinker and political activist in particular against Rómulo Betancourt, he is currently one of the most vocal and vehement critics of President Hugo Chávez's policies. He revised his perspective on President Betancourt in a biography written in 2004.

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